Back in 2005, I considered doing a refinance on my house. Other houses in my neighborhood were selling at prices that were almost double the size of my existing mortgage and my (then) husband thought we should tap into some of that equity because my income was going to be cut for a time while I took time away from my law practice to run for public office.
So the mortgage broker came to visit and he practically went insane over how much equity I had in the house. I was considering taking out $50,000 or $100,000 to put into a rainy day fund in case my income dropped enough that I would have trouble, oh say, paying the mortgage.
He gave me the long song and dance about what a fool I am not to take out every penny I can, but I stood firm. He said he knows how busy I must be with the campaign, so let’s do a no-doc, or low-doc loan. I object to the higher interest rate and the huge jump it would make to my monthly payment; besides I already have my documents together in anticipation of having to release them in connection with the campaign. . . .
He told me that he doesn’t have any conventional mortgages available. I said I can’t make a monthly payment that size even if my income is not disrupted. He replies that he has closed at least two loans, in my neighborhood, with similar sized payments for families with smaller incomes than we have.
I was shocked, and wondered if I was spending too much money on luxuries, like groceries. He told me that I should take out the money from the equity and use it to pay my mortgage payments, and when that money runs out, refinance again because houses just keep going up and up.
He even said he had a tickler calendar to remind him to go visit prior customers when their ARM was about to go up, so they could refinance again but back to a teaser rate, and he anticipated building his whole career around this snake-swallowing-tail cycle of pulling equity out to make payments one couldn’t otherwise afford.
Fortunately for me, I kicked the bum out of my dining room. I kept the old mortgage for as long as I owned that house.
This predatory lending mortgage origination system was founded on a Ponzi scheme premise, which assumed more and more new “equity” could be pumpted into a system by inflating housing prices. And house prices were inflated by making loans too easy to get.
I had enough verifiable income and equity in my house to easily qualify for a fixed-rate 30-year mortgage to replace my existing fixed-rate 30-year mortgage (one of MY incentives for considering refinancing, was to take advantage of lower interest rates set by the Fed) and no one wanted to even look at my documents for one of those. Everybody and their brother wanted to sell me a liar’s loan at much higher interest rates and with all sorts of ARMs and balloon payments.
As I explained in this post, it’s almost impossible to conceive of a way out of this mess if we try to honor the contracts in the RMBSs. I suspect that the only solution to this mess will lie in the law of equity. That’s the option Iceland is evaluating right now.
Unlike the U.S., Iceland temporarily nationalized its banks when it bailed them out. Iceland actually got something in return for its bailout money. Iceland has appointed committees to sort out the banks, so they can be put back into private hands — sort of like temporary receiverships.
The government of Iceland has just instructed the committees to write down about $2 billion worth of mortgage debt; this represents about 8% of the banks’ total assets and would make the mortgages both more affordable and more reflective of the home’s current market value. This is in addition to an existing temporary foreclosure moratorium that is due to expire soon.
The U.S. needs to take over the process and appoint a receiver to figure out who are the equitable owners of these mortgages, since they don’t seem to have legal owners, and restructure/writedown the mortgages to some sane level reflecting current market values and to create a de facto quit claim on the property in favor of the newly created modified mortgages to quiet title. Then the mortgages can be held by the party whom equity favors.
Then the Government needs to outlaw this type of practice. No more RMBS of this kind, ever again.



17 Comments




These RMBSs weren’t legal in the first palce were they?
Selling MBSs based on mortgages that have never been assigned to the trust is selling un-secured debt isn’t it?
What am I missing in this picture?
Thanks ahead of time.
After my job was shipped to Hyperabad, india, the first job I “got” was insurance “agent” for Primerica. Just like Your agent would churn mortgage buyers to refinance, Primerica would churn credit card debt into primerica debt and then hedge the debt with an insurance policy. Glad to say I got shot down before I churned a lot of the working poor out of their earnings.
Yup! I completely agree.
Until the servicers are regulated, and stopped from their illegal behavior, which is the banks’ hedge strategy to earn money (now that the origination business has dried up) by inventing bogus fees to slap onto borrowers’ balance, nothing will improve, and no suggestions for how to modify peoples’ mortgages will matter.
By the time of foreclosure the average total of late fees and other numerous made-up charges averages $10,000. This is by design. It’s the banks’ way of earning money in the absence of writing new mortgages. And it’s endorsed by the stress tests, according to Marcy’s and Mike Konczal’s posts today.
Not only are the borrowers being strip-mined, but the ‘MBS’ investors are too. After the borrowers have been stripped, foreclosing mines fees from the MBS. There’s also anecdotal evidence that HUD is buying some of the foreclosed homes, and then reselling them at a loss. Is this a hidden TARP2?
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The forcing people into ARMS goes back to at least 1999, when I was forced into one because the condo I was selling hadn’t yet sold, at the time I was buying my house. The condo was in a very swanky resort in the early part of the bubble, and no one doubted that it would sell in a month or two, which it did. There was no mortgage on the condo, only the condo fee, taxes, utilities and insurance.
Two months before the ARM was due to reset, and despite the fact that interest rates were lower, I started receiving calls from SunTrust (to whom my mortgage had been sold, or who was servicing it) offering me a great deal on a new mortgage, and that I should hurry up and take advantage of this time-limited offer, before my mortgage reset. When I pressed for more information about how this new mortgage would be better than my current one, nothing the telemarketer said made any sense, so I rang off. The whole thing made me queazy, and I decided to pay off the mortgage entirely with the money I had made from selling the condo. Now undoubtedly my mortgage had been securitized at some point, so it’s possible that even paying it off didn’t clear my title, but I sold that house three months ago, so I think I’m in the clear. Phew!
Your tale of your own experience is spot on. You have a law degree and are smart. Average people listening to a mortgage “professional” (not realizing he is a bartender/bouncer 75% of the time)bow to “expertise” and take out the mortgage product that is clearly beyond their means, but the “professional” talked them into it and all but implied they were morons for not taking advantage of the situation.
Many many people were told similar tales by mortgage sirens.”It will always go up, you’re dumb to not pull out the equity,put your money to work, blah, blah ,blah.
Entire talk radio shows were given over to shills telling Joe Shit how he needed to “leverage” his equity like he was Donald Trump.
Nice straightforward recommendations about how to get out of the mess. Thanks, Cynthia.
Commenter Jonathan over at CalculatedRisk:
Thank you for the post. You are confirming our experience — only they went after our equity in the form of our down payment.
I don’t know that they were illegal in the first place, if they had been executed properly.
They were private contracts and there is a pretty wide range of things you can do in a contract (I used to teach contract among other law related courses)
They were, however, incredibly poorly designed, even if you did all the mechanical steps correctly.
I suspect that some intelligent accountant or lawyer tried to point out the falws, which is why these things all had counter party insurance, as if that would bandage over all the cracks.
It was just a not very good idea, propped up by a lot of highly technical lawyering, math and accounting, which made it look like smart people did it.
But the futdamental kernel was still a lousy idea, just dressed up expensively.
Look re-selling debt on a secondary market and factoring have been around since Pharoh’s Egyst. That’s not new. It’s not illegal. it separating all the functions this way, so nobady is responsible for making sure things get done right, and turning the incentive system upside down so that the profit motive is not tide to repayment of principle and interest, but rather fees, that creates the moral hazard for the banks and isurers alike
You have to understand to things:
1) we were brought up in a world where banks had real underwritng standards for writing mortgage loans. We used to approach getting amortgage like taking the SAT’s. We would monitor our credit score, prepare all our documentary proff and submit it, like a test, and if we got a passing grade, the bank gave us the mortgage. Cheers all around.
We thought that banks knew better than we did if we were credit worthy and able to carry a mortgage of a given amount.
Of course the banks comepletely abandoned their underwriting standdards and didn’t tell anybody, because they wanted us to believe we were more credit worthy than we really were.
2) I know this was done maliciously because, if you think back to advertising in the early aughts when the underwriting standards were being abandoned; there were all these ads on TV, many featuring people of color about using credit wisely.
I remember one, with a lovely young woman stopping in front of a shoe store window and pulling out a credit card while the voice over talked about managing credit so you could qualify for a house.
The was another one with a couple who had been denied a mortgage and the wife was second guessig almost every financial decision they had ever made.
This during a perioid when it was almost impossible to get turned down for a mortgage, credit card or car loan. it was made to keep people believing that if they got the loan, they were worthy of it and could afford it.
It makes me thing of Pichnoccio turning into a donkey. Falsely luring people into thinking they are entitled to luxury, when you are really trying to lure them into slavery.
Shorter (and I do not mean this as criticism of your explanation);
The fact that they are probably going to worm their way out of this mess, with no accounting for their crimes, and at the expense of the taxpayer, would come as no surprise, and that is why I’m reluctant to characterize this behavior as criminal, in unequivocal terms.
In a way, I view your exposition as displaying more compassion for us poor victims, who otherwise might expect something will be done about all this crime.
Thanks
The Iceland solution is exactly what we should do and would do if we didn’t have a president who was bought and paid for, owned, by the Big Banks and financial industry.
http://www.harpers.org/archive/2006/11/0081275
Great article, thanks for the link.
Too bad so few read that when it was first written, it could have saved a lot of confusion over just who the guy really is.
I have nothig but compassion for the victims at both ends of this scheme; the homeowners who were subjects of predatory lending practices and the pension funds and municipalities who were duped into buying these POS securities.
I have no compassion forhte MOTU who think they are so smart for designing “financial innovations” that have derstroyed the economy, and therfore think they are entitled to their outrageous compensation packeages.
Regarding outrageous compensation packages – one word:
clawback
I think you’re missing an issue. REMIC investors are not going to look at homeowners–who hold title–as innocent parties. They are going to look on them at convertors or conspiring convertors, on the basis of the concerted action the homeowners took with the banks, both when they bought the property and when they sold it. So REMIC investors will sue the REMIC to have a judge impose a constructive trust on the “homeowner,” with the “homeowner” as trustee for the title, which is in the constructive trust. Then the judge will order this trustee to convey the title to the REMIC. Otherwise, these investors will never get anything. They will at least want title to the house so they can sell it.