[Ed. note: As we are surely going to be talking about the economy a lot, this piece is promoted for more discussion.]
As already noted by David Dayen, things have been moving fairly quickly today on how the Obama Administration will address the economy as we embark on the final two months leading up to the November elections. First, Dayen noted that John McCain has been given an elevated platform once again, from which he is pushing for extending the Bush tax cuts for the rich. Shortly thereafter, Dayen found that Obama appears to have abandoned the idea of a large payroll tax holiday, but will instead roll out a plan for a very modest infrastructure building program.
As a guide to evaluating the ideas and plans that will be tossed about in the next few weeks, it is informative to go back to the time of the original Obama stimulus plan. Paul Krugman provided a very brief but penetrating analysis of the plan as it was nearing its final form. Here is the outcome of Krugman’s analysis:
Suppose that we’re looking at an economy that, absent stimulus, would have an average unemployment rate of 9 percent over the next two years; this plan would cut that to 7.3 percent, which would be a help but could easily be spun by critics as a failure.
/snip/
I see the following scenario: a weak stimulus plan, perhaps even weaker than what we’re talking about now, is crafted to win those extra GOP votes. The plan limits the rise in unemployment, but things are still pretty bad, with the rate peaking at something like 9 percent and coming down only slowly. And then Mitch McConnell says “See, government spending doesn’t work.”
Note that Krugman published this analysis on January 6, 2009. He used as a basis for his calculations a stimulus package totaling $775 billion, with $300 billion in tax cuts. The final plan, passed in mid-February, 2009 was $787 billion, with $264 billion in tax cuts, remarkably close to the scenario Krugman chose. . . .
A key part of Krugman’s analysis relied on making calculations on the "stimulative" effect of various government actions. He linked to the table below as part of the analysis:
Note that this table tells us that tax breaks are horribly inefficient at stimulating the economy when compared to spending. What is even more striking is that this table is from an analysis from economist Mark Zandi, who seems to work for both Democrats and Republicans.
Of course, Krugman was right. The economy was even worse than Krugman assumed in his analysis, however, and the stimulus which he saw as inadequate for the conditions he envisioned was pitifully short of adequate for the economic reality that ensued. With unemployment now in double digits, the cries that "government spending doesn’t work" are echoing all over Washington, when, as Krugman’s analysis shows, the cries should be that government spending wasn’t enough to dig the economy out of the ditch into which it had been driven.
With that as background, the current chatter in the Beltway is truly maddening. McCain, who was thoroughly beaten in the 2008 election in part because his economic policies were seen as too tied to the policies that produced the financial meltdown, now is calling for Bush’s tax cuts to be made permanent. Making the Bush tax cuts permanent has the pitiful stimulative factor of 0.29 in Zandi’s table. Inexplicably, the economist who is the "go to" source for why tax cuts are bad public policy when trying to stimulate the economy and who worked for McCain during that campaign, but now works for Democrats, is pushing tax cuts, apparently against his own advice. Note, however, that unlike McCain, who wants to make the cuts permanent, Zandi is advocating extending them a year or two.
That makes today’s announcement that Obama is backing off the prospect of hundreds of billions of dollars worth of payroll tax holiday appear to be good news. However, when we look at Zandi’s table, we see that payroll tax holidays have a stimulative effect of 1.29, so it is the "least bad" of tax cuts. With the $100 billion in R&D tax credits Obama is now proposing in its stead, the stimulative factor drops (that particular tax is hard to place into Zandi’s table, but likely would fall close to the value of 1.03 seen for across the board tax cuts).
Finally, Obama’s pitiful $30 billion (or is it $50 billion?) offered as infrastructure spending is a ridiculous move if it is meant to be evidence that he is attempting to do anything to stimulate the economy. Such spending would need to be higher by at least a factor of ten before it begins to even be worth putting into a Krugman-style analysis for its possible effect on reducing unemployment. Recall that in the previous analysis, Krugman worked from the assumption that it takes $300 billion of GDP growth in a year to reduce unemployment by 1%. If this "plan" is the best that the Obama economic team of geniuses can produce, Democrats don’t need to bother showing up for the 2010 or 2012 elections.




52 Comments




Don’t worry, most of us aren’t showing up in 2010 or 2012.
Way to call it for what it is, Jim.
Too small, too late, and not deferential enough to the middle class.
Time to hit the blender, light the coals and forget about it all for a few hours today.
Tomorrow will be here all too soon enough, with its harsh light of reality aglow upon our aggrieved countenance.
Happy Labor Day, Pups, one and all.
Knock back an extra beer for me. Enjoy.
So lets say 10% unemployment reduced to 5% at $300 billion a point thats $1.5 trillion. Sounds impossible but how much do consumer spending and corporate profits both of which are taxed go up?
How much does the housing market jumps in 6 months if people stop losing their homes and start buying homes again.
How much do we save by preventing the over do crime wave we have all been expecting to come with this depression, new Prisons are expensive.
If we hire people then wage pressure goes up in the labor market higher wages more consumer spending.
just observed on my twitter feed:
Dr Toolittle
who else, our watertiger
Not sure I want to talk to THOSE animals…
I wish Obama would have the decency to STFU and resign.
60 billion + for Afghanistan, but to correct an economy in a deep recession 50 Bill??? Hey, see that meteor heading our way? Let’s all get out peashooters. That’ll stop it!!
I get the impression that O and his economic team are just going through the motions at this point. They couldn’t take decisive action to revive the economy because that would have required them to act like Progressives. Which they cannot do because it is not in their natures. But non-Progressive measures were bound to fail. And they have.
Now the Administration has no political cover, not even a fig leaf’s worth. Those of the left can’t stand him because he betrayed and insulted them. Those of the right can’t stand him because he has a (D) next to his name. And those of the vast middle can’t stand him because the economy sucks.
Isn’t it fascinating to note that the biggest ‘bangs for the buck’ are the ‘handouts’…?
UI and Snap… Who’d a thunk it…? *gah*
Aloha, Jim and all…!
With so many people in the progressive side of things being proven right about their predictions about the economy and just about everything else, isn’t it time for Obama to rethink who he has as his advisers?
Yeah, that sounded dumb when I was typing it and it even sounds dumber when I read it out loud. ;-)
Leadership? … we don’t need no stinkin’ leadership.
That’s because those “handouts” go to people who desperately need them for basic necessities. That means those funds go right back into the economy to purchase those necessities. The higher the income level for the tax cut, on the other hand, the more likely the beneficiary is just going to sit on the money. Note that businesses now have lots of cash on hand and are choosing not to hire. Why should we think giving them more money will suddenly prompt them to hire?
Aloha and happy Labor Day, by the way.
That catches it all. Why did these schmucks even want the Presidency? So the Vacuous Opportunist can get to preznitcy of Harvard or the Ford Foundation and that’s all? Hope he has a godawful convention.
i sometimes wonder whether he is even running for a 2nd term. Sometimes I get the impression that he doesn’t give a shit one way or another.
How about a 90% upper marginal tax rate. They don’t have to pay it if they put that extra money into expanding and hiring people or giving raises. Money redistribution has been going the wrong way since the sixties.
It’s important to remember that the original Obama stimulus was a $787 billion over 2 years. What we needed was something like a trillion a year. As conditions worsen, the price tag keeps going up. If I had to guess, the amount of stimulus needed now is probably in the $1.5 trillion/year area. And this is assuming almost all of it is spending not tax cuts.
That would work for me.
Yes, thanks for pointing out the critical two year aspect of the first stimulus. And I agree that a new one really aimed at restoring employment would be in the range you suggest. Of course, there is less than zero chance of Obama ever suggesting it.
I favor a 90% marginal tax rate on income, with income being all inclusive. I don’t know where I would set the threshold. $750,000 to $1 million seems like a good starting place.
As I have been writing on threads today, Obama’s proposal seems all talk to me. Promises made now with the expectation that the Republicans will shoot them down and the Democrats will let them.
Yeah, no hiding behind stock options and such. I think it was at 90% during the Kennedy administration, but he rolled it back and closed some loopholes because no one was paying it. Seems wage disparity began about then. Hell, even during Reagan I think it was at 50%. If the Bush tax cuts on the top earners are allowed to expire, I think it’ll only go up to about 39%. What would happen if Obama announced the tax rate identical to Reagan’s?
Would they call him a socialist? Or instant amnesty like Reagan? Or cutnrun from Afghanistan like Reagan did in Beirut.
Reagan wouldn’t pass the teabag smell test. I know. Ewww.
I wish he had the decency to admit he’s been a Republican at heart since he first went into politics. (Can’t you just see heads exploding with that one?)
Fortynine years old, First Black President, Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Maybe he wants to hang it up and enjoy life. He is/will be wealthy beyond his dreams. Barry says f*ck the death threats, I’m outta here.
Barry said he was imprintable with whatever ideals people wanted to imprint on him. Not good. Barry said idiot Reagan was a great idea man. Not Good. Summers, Geithner, Rubens, Sunstein, Rahm, Bipartisanship, Lieberman, Petreaus, Bush Holdovers, Holder, Biden, Clinton, Two “Centrist” Supremes, FISA, Tax Cuts, Big Oil, Big Pharma, AHIP, Not a Progressive person or policy to be found under any rocks anywhere.
Obama screwed himself before he was even elected back in the fall of 2008 when he whored himself out to the BushCo-Paulson bankster bailout (TARP) without demanding that bankster shareholders, bondholders, and management pay a steep price for their destructive capers.
And as if to compound that lunacy, he surrounded himself with Wall Street whores Summers, Rubin, and (worst of all) Lloyd Blankfien’s personal call girl, Tim Geithner.
I knew it was over for Obama before it ever began.
That would be a popcorn moment for sure.
Yes he did. I forgot Bernanke.
According to this New York Post article, this is what happens to stimulus money:
“Major city infrastructure projects undertaken as part of the federal stimulus package have yet to generate even a fraction of the thousands of promised jobs, a Post analysis has found.
Meanwhile, about $4.7 billion of the $7.3 billion in stimulus money has been earmarked for “budget relief” — feeding the city’s own payroll and allowing it to continue to fund entitlement programs, such as food stamps.
Hiring for the anticipated, shovels-in-ground projects — meant to be provide immediate employment to the area’s jobless — is only now beginning, nearly a year after the city got its hands on the dough, according to data compiled on the city’s own online Stimulus Tracker
Read more: http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/timulus_fails_to_get_the_job_done_tq7hwmrNCvyQSEvSufOMKL#ixzz0ynvQaTtb
You might want to branch out beyond Rupert Murdoch owned media if you want a full picture of what’s going on…
That may be true for New York, but as one who hauls oversized loads on our nations hiways I can assure you massive amounts of work is currently underway. Most construction zones have width restrictions, which force me to go out around and I have seen many miles of road I have never been on before. West Virginia has all their interstates under construction. What used to be a four hour trip across that state is now a two day ordeal.
The stimulus was a joke. Most of the money went for existing projects, saving the states some money. Very little money went for new projects which would have supported infrastructure and created jobs.
” Is the president aware that the Republicans are in the opposition party?”
Are the republicans aware that the president ISN’T in the opposition party?
So, just who is the head pimp. I’d love to see his car.
Obama can campaign, he just can’t govern. His campaign skills will be of no use in 2012. It’s time to begin talk of a primary challenge.
They both know. They only engage in these kabuki pseudo-fights to give us the appearance of a difference between themselves, you know that we have a choice.
Obama is the first lame duck before his time.
The pisser in all this is that Krugman’s point isn’t rocket science. It’s what I learned in my first macro-course in 1959, and what Jim Tobin taught us in grad school in the mid 1960s. Of course, they don’t teach that old-hat stuff anymore in the better schools, because it’s too simple. So our so-called great economists (including the present Chairman of the Fed) don’t really understand in their bones that aggregate demand is not something that can be affected in any reasonable space of time by fiddling with the price level, which is endogenous and takes a long time to settle into its full-employment equilibrium state.
This stuff is complicated in a way, but most people have no need to go that deep into the complications. The basic point that people’s ability to spend is largely determined by their cash flow, and that their cash flow depends on their jobs is not rocket science.
Krugman was not being particularly prescient. He was only doing what any reasonably trained undergraduate from the mid 1960s could have done when presented the basic data.
Second the motion. Give Biden a shot. He’s old enough to remember what it was like when Dems were Dems. Maybe he’ll be a surprise. Sort of like Claudius was, after Nero.
Hi Jim, Thanks for such a quick analysis, with which I largely agree. You said:
First, I think Zandi’s multiplier table assumes that the Government spending or tax cuts involved will no be “paid for” by other tax increases, since the stimulus comes from the increase in privates sector financial assets relative to what would have been the case if the Government wouldn’t have increased spending, or wouldn’t have cut taxes.
Second, I’m also not sure what Zandi’s “payroll tax holiday” actually means. The term could apply to a holiday for employers, employees, or both. the stimulus would be different in each case. Obama, based on news reports seemed to be considering a holiday only for employers. I’m fairly sure this would have a much smaller multiplier than Zandi’s 1.29.
Third, I understand that Obama’s $100 Billion in R & D tax credits would be paid for by closing some existing corporate tax loopholes. This means that whatever multiplier the R & D tax credit will have will be partly cancelled out by the increased tax revenue produced. Since the loopholes involved enabled foreign investment to greater or lesser degree, closing that portion is neutral from the standpoint of a US domestic multiplier. But that portion of the tax revenues that would have been used for domestic spending would diminish the multiplier effect from the credit somewhat below the 1.03 you provided.
I agree with this except that I think if $300 Billion were spent directly on a Federal Job Guarantee Program at say $10 per hour miniwage with vacations, Medicare and other fringes thrown into the bargain, then from 8 to 10 Billion Federal Jobs could be produced for that much deficit spending and we would have multipliers exceeding what we get from unemployment benefits.
Obama had one part of his speech today quite wrong. He isn’t alone.
In the speech, Obama said that he firmly believes that you can’t have a prosperous economy or America without a prosperous middle class.
On the surface, this seems pretty true and almost self evident. But, it implies something which is NOT true. It has an element of out sequence.
It is a prosperous economy which creates and makes possible a prosperous middle class–not the other way around. Each advance in level for the middle class came AFTER the economy’s prosperity moved to a new level. It did NOT happen the other way around. The middle class did not become prosperous and then the economy became such.
This makes sense in the same way that the artisan does not get the reward (money), until he creates the statue, ironwork, wood item, etc. A prosperous middle class is the reward. You don’t get the reward until you have created something. You don’t get your salary first, and then do the work.
Obviously, if you base an entire policy around an incorrect sequence of events, you aren’t going to get a good result. In fact, you’ll get what the stimulus gave us–a temporary boost that couldn’t keep going because the cart was before the horse. The input from the middle class went into a black hole because the economy was not prosperous. There was no fuel to catch fire from the middle class “starter.”
Further, this out sequence is now hurting the middle class rather than helping as unemployment has creeped up and the economy is slowing down.
We should definitely have a goal of the middle class doing very well. It is what America is about. But, it can’t be created in the sequence Obama implies.
$200 billion more in CapEx write-offs –
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/07/us/politics/07tax.html
This actually is a good idea from Obama. It encourages investment–meaning companies building for the future–while also getting demand going, which translates to hiring people to make the goods.
Practical world; if this happens, and we do get a 100% deduction for computers we purchase, we’ll be replacing all of our computers. Otherwise, we’d just tough it out.
to me, this is the first good idea Obama has had on the economy that may yield long lasting results.
Other than that it seemed too little and late, my first thought really was “where are the jobs for working class women?” I remember listening to the local progressive talk station and head of the state SEIU was on and she for one second tartly reminded the “oh look at all of those road jobs” gushing over the first stimulus that many women were going to lose their jobs because of cuts to health care and elderly care as most of the workers whether state or private were women. I would guess that also with the layoff of teachers, most will be female.
While working class males are the hardest hit, so are working class women. And construction infrastructure jobs will overwhelmingly go to men.
Just something to consider.
I agree completely. His admin has become a big part of the problem.
Is our corrupt establishment even capable of reforming itself? Or is it just too far gone.
Given the way Treasury is being run, I think it may be too far gone.
As for this latest bread crumb from the Obama admin, I agree with Jim. Too small by at least a factor of ten or more.
Geithner and Summers are gone November 3. Gates may or may not hasten his announced exit. Immanuel will claim victory for “preventing the worst from happening.” The 112th Congress is shaping up to be two years of gridlock and foreverwar at a time our nation least needs it. And more than 60% of registered voters nationally will not even bother to show up at the polls.
100% and they are so hamstrung by Faux News and the Tea(r) Party that they don’t feel they can get anything progressive and aggressive through the Senate. The House really isn’t the problem, they are forced to water down stuff to get it through the Senate and the Republican threaten to block it. Somebody needs to make them block a real Jobs program, they already scored points making them look bad when Unemployment needed to be extended.
But as I have said time and time again here. We need to do what the Neo-Cons did 30 years ago and rebuild the party from the ground up and use the Unions, Women’s Groups and Minority Groups as “shock troops” just like the Right uses The Religious Right as shock troops to protest the Capital and fake ass Marches.
So in the meantime, elect who you can that are proven progressives and help defeat Corporatist Democrats, not just Republicans.
Here in California as I have said, its all about Boxer and Brown. Though Brown is no progressive its a marked improvement over The Govnator and eMeg, we can actually push Brown progressive on policy, he’s leaving that door open on tax increases as well. SB810 didn’t come up for a vote last week and has to be re-introduced. No problem when Sacramento is sure it can get away with passing a sweeping Progressive program like Single Payer Health Care they’ll go ahead and do it.
Along with Prop 19, defeat of Prop 23 and elimination of the 2/3rd rule for Budget related issues, we can finally push California into being the Blue State its been and start the rebuilding process.
That’s all you can do and all you can hope for unless there’s a revolt by the population and a general strike that will bring the country to a halt.
There needs to be a repudiation of past policies that sent US jobs overseas. The mindset needs to be created that political parties that support sending jobs overseas are unpatriotic.
I have to say that most upper level republicans I’ve talked to consider the US union workers to be overpaid. Expose what that means to the American public, declining wages and shrinking middle class.
Oh my. Do you really believe we have a chance to “trickle down” our way to a prosperous middle class? Could you please explain to me how that is going to happen in an economy that is now set to trickle up, rather than down? Money is now moving only up in our economy and the higher it goes, the less it circulates.
Grit your teeth and go read the chapter in Krugman’s The Conscience of a Liberal on the Great Compression and then come back and talk about building the middle class again.
Sorry, Guys…
but, clearly, Obama has waaay too many elite white men advising him. No women, no people of color, and certainly no one from the working class.
And he’s probably in for a big surprise after November 2nd!
Why do you assume the money would be spent on equipment rather than kept as cash on hand or distributed along rug row? My experience is that companies don’t make investment decisions in the way you suggest.
All I can say to your second paragraph is that when you put it like that all in one place, it’s hard to miss (or argue) the point and I’m left wondering what lengths people who do miss/argue the point must go to in order to prevent cognitive dissonance meltdown.
On the bright side, I am seeing many fewer references to Obama simply playing Nth dimensional chess beyond the comprehension of us mere mortals (though almost unbelievably, that claim does still pop up from time to time.)
Two articles by John B. Judis I want to recommend to everyone…
First, The Unnecessary Fall, an article for which Judis took a great deal of grief from the usual centrist/DLC/New Dem suspects.
Second, Defending the Unncessary Fall, in which Judis takes on the criticism and sticks (I think rightly) to his guns.
And I also want to recommend an article/interview by Joan Walsh in Salon, When Blue-Collar Pride Became Identity Politics, subhead “Remembering how the white working class got left out of the New Left, and why we’re all paying for it today.”
The Walsh article is very good but when you add the short interview with the author of “Stayin’ Alive: The 1970′s and the Last Days of the Working Class“, Jefferson Cowie, it really comes clear.
The interview really touches on how the Democrats abandoned the working classes, quit fighting for them, embraced identity politics and free market elitism. It makes it even more clear to me that my complaints about how the Democratic Party has been running away from the legacy of FDR and the New Deal are not the result of my fevered imagination but are based in something very real.
There are a lot of working class people in this nation. FDR made the Democratic Party their champion, and following WWII we worked to set up economies in Japan and Europe based on principles of protecting labor with strong unions and protecting the populace with a strong social safety net. Those nations have for the most part held fast to those principles (as many are enshrined in their constitutions) while here in the US, we have seen them gutted and abandoned by the party that helped create them.
If working people feel abandoned and are angry because it seems that the Democratic Party is not looking out for their interests but instead is working to serve the interests of the elite and actually holds the working class in some degree of disdain, I can’t blame them, because they are right.
My confusion over the direction of the Democratic Party these last twenty years has been a direct result of my delusion that the Democrats remained the party of FDR and the New Deal. My confusion about why the Democratic Party has seemed so incapable of a coherent New Deal type narrative, standing up strongly for labor and social justice, springs from the same delusion. They don’t do it because they don’t believe in it, though they’d like us to kind of think that they still do. The party elite actually believes in…well…Reagan. Me? Not so much. And that as much as anything explains why I am so utterly disgusted with the results of going on four years of Democratic control of both houses of congress and going on two years of control of the White House on top of that. We are not getting traditional FDR-style Democratic values because for the party elite, those are not values they believe in.
All hail the free markets! All hail Wall Street! All hail the party of moderate Republican policies, the Democrats.
Color me a liberal independent, formerly a liberal partisan Democrat. I know when what is wanted is my money and not my views or/or principles. Far be it from me to fight for people and a party that disdains me.
That’s to back a corrupt Afghanistan regime and to fight another phantom trumped-up enemy in the Taliban. Could our government be anymore glaringly corrupt?
That’s only because his wife threatened to take away his keys to all seven of their houses if he didn’t do it.