Evergreen Solar’s String Ribbon™ Solar Panels

On October 22, 2009, the House overwhelmingly passed H R 3585, the Solar Technology Roadmap Act, intended “to guide and provide for United States research, development, and demonstration of solar energy technologies, and for other purposes.” This legislation was then quickly referred to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, but perhaps with so much attention on health care reform, this important legislation fell under the radar.

The Solar Technology Roadmap Act “repeals outdated solar research legislation from 1974, 1978, and 1989,” and directs the Secretary of Energy to appoint within four months after enactment the members of a Solar Technology Roadmap Committee, whose commission will be to:

1) identify research, development, and demonstration needs for solar technology challenges;

2) identify opportunities for coordination with partner industries (such as those for semiconductors, energy storage, Smart Grid, etc.);

3) and expedite the process of improving solar technologies by identifying research goals that improve performance; decrease cost of electricity generated; improve reliability; and maximize the environmental benefits of solar technologies.

I was reminded of the Solar Technology Roadmap Act after reading Jon Walker’s excellent Mass-Transit Oriented Smart Growth: The True Melding of Environmentalist and Labor Union Interests yesterday, a post that addresses the recent

focus on a possible “blue/green alliance” among the political left in this country. The idea is that union workers would build the new equipment for the green economy. Things like solar panels and wind turbines.

But Jon expressed concern about whether a blue/green alliance in the manufacture of solar panels and wind turbines would ever happen. Indeed, as policies currently stand, he has good reason for concern:

I suspect the nation’s demand for solar panels will be met by imports from Germany, and our wind turbines will be made in China.

Jon’s assertion is valid. First Solar (investors’ favorite solar company) and Evergreen Solar (a very much undervalued company, at least by Wall Street types), for example, have already begun looking toward building factories in Germany and elsewhere.

But now is the time that we should be looking for ways to encourage manufacturers to keep factories and jobs here in the United States.

As I write, Congress is finalizing legislation that will have an impact on the solar industry’s future. As per the Solar Technology Roadmap Act:

[Congress] directs the Secretary of Energy to conduct a research, development, and demonstration program for solar technology, including photovoltaics, concentrating solar power, solar hot water, solar space heating and cooling, solar lighting, solar manufacturing, and integration solar technology in buildings.

Any grants awarded must be merit reviewed. Grants may be awarded to academic institutions, national laboratories, Federal research agencies, state research agencies, nonprofit organizations, industrial entities, or consortia thereof.

Paragraph (c) states that it is the policy of the United States that at least 75% of solar RD&D funding conducted by DOE after 2014 shall support activities identified by and recommended under the Solar Technology Roadmap.

There are companies in the United States that are pioneering efforts to develop new solar technologies.

For example, Evergreen Solar has developed innovative and greener techniques to produce silicon wafers:

Silicon wafers form the basis of solar cells and the bulk of all solar panels made today. Conventional technologies for producing silicon wafers are based on energy-intensive casting and oil-based machining and cutting of large silicon blocks. Not something you’d expect from a hi-tech, clean energy product. Our cutting-edge wafer technology in contrast is genius in its simplicity, efficiency and cleanliness.

Our String Ribbon™ wafers originate from the natural science of “surface tension”. In simple terms the making of a String Ribbon wafer is just like the making of a soap bubble — the surface tension between the soapy bubble solution and the wand creates the bubble.

[snip]

The process is continuous, silent and clean: long high-temperature filaments unwind from spools, run through the molten silicon and pull a long strip of silicon out of the melt. The wafer strip is harvested periodically and cut into smaller pieces for further processing into solar cells.

As Jon indicated yesterday, the question remains open whether such green jobs as manufacturing these wafers will appear in the United States. After 2014, when the “activities identified by and recommended under the Solar Technology Roadmap” are supposed to be supported by “at least 75% of the solar research, development, and demonstration funding conducted by the Department of Energy,” where will the new jobs appear?

So, as up-and-coming companies like Evergreen Solar are innovating, why not pressure Congress now to require companies that will receive subsidies – taxpayer money – to manufacture things like String Ribbon™ wafers, or any other type of silicon wafers, to build their factories here in the United States?

As the U.S. government begins to plan seriously for the development and use these technologies in the United States, we should start thinking about ways to ensure that a blue/green alliance will be part of any efforts that are subsidized by taxpayer dollars.

Now that the House Energy and Environment Subcommittee produced the Solar Technology Roadmap Act and the House has referred it to the Senate, I believe that efforts should be directed to the members of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. These members may still have time to propose an amendment to the legislation that would require most of the future funding to be granted to companies that agree to build their factories in the United States.

The members of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources are:

Democrats: Chairperson Jeff Bingaman (NM), Byron Dorgan (ND), Ron Wyden (OR), Tim Johnson (SD), Mary Landrieu (LA), Maria Cantwell (WA), Robert Menendez (NJ), Blanche Lincoln (AR), Bernard Sanders (VT), Evan Bayh (IN), Debbie Stabenow (MI), Mark Udall (CO), and Jeanne Shaheen (NH).

Republicans: Lisa Murkowski (AK), Richard Burr (NC), John Barrasso (WY), Sam Brownback (KS), James Risch (IN), John McCain (AZ), Robert Bennett (UT), Jim Bunning (KY), Jeff Sessions (AL), and Bob Corker (TN).

The members of the Senate Subcommittee on Energy are:

Democrats: Chairperson Maria Cantwell (WA), Byron Dorgan (ND), Ron Wyden (OR), Mary Landrieu (LA), Robert Menendez (NJ), Bernard Sanders (VT), Evan Bayh (IN), Debbie Stabenow (MI), Mark Udall (CO), and Jeanne Shaheen (NH).

Republicans: Richard Burr (NC), John Barrasso (WY), Sam Brownback (KS), James Risch (IN), Robert Bennett (UT), Jim Bunning (KY), Jeff Sessions (AL), and Bob Corker (TN).

Contact info for this subcommittee: Phone: (202) 224-4971; Fax: (202) 228-0541.