Corporate CEOs, union-busting lawyers, and conservative politicians who pander to the rich condemned a National Mediation Board (NMB) Ruling this week.
They complained that the NMB gave railway and airline workers the ability to obtain collective bargaining rights through majority-rule elections. That’s the type of balloting that occurs under universal democratic rules. Everyone qualified to vote is invited to participate, and the outcome is determined by the majority of those who cast ballots.
The anti-worker-rights groups wanted the NMB to retain a different kind of election – one that requires the winner to receive votes from the majority of all of those qualified to participate — essentially, a supermajority.
This is an exciting new development. Up until now CEOs, union-busters, and particularly conservative Republicans, have actively opposed the Employee Free Choice Act, mainly because of a provision they call “card check.” But card check provides exactly what they now say that they want – a determination made by the majority of all of those qualified to participate. So, clearly, since they’re so upset by the end of supermajority rule for airline and railroad workers, they’d be happy if Congress intervened and instituted it for all workers by passing the Employee Free Choice Act.
For a little over 70 years, the NMB, which governs collective bargaining by airline and railroad workers, mandated supermajorities. When a group of workers, let’s say Delta Airline Flight Attendants, sought the right to collectively bargain for better wages and working conditions, the NMB conducted an election in which it counted those who voted yes as supporting the proposal; those who voted no as opposing, and all those who didn’t vote as opposing.
The NMB arbitrarily placed the non-voters in the “no” ballot box. To win an election, the NMB required collective bargaining supporters to receive votes from a majority of all those eligible – those who voted combined with those whose ballots the NMB inexplicably stuffed in the “no” box after they did not vote.
Compounding that supermajority obstacle was the NMB practice of permitting employers to determine who was eligible to vote, then excusing them from providing that list to workers seeking collective bargaining. This created an incentive for employers to “accidently” include the names of workers who’d quit or retired — ineligible voters whose inability to cast ballots created automatic “no” votes. Writing about losing an election in 2008, Delta flight attendant Linda Sorenson said airline officials released its list after the balloting. Among other problems, it included the name of a deceased worker. Sorenson wrote:
“The company acknowledged her death, but the NMB – whose . . . chair had been a Northwest (airline) lobbyist – refused to remove her. She became a vote against representation.”
Airline and railroad workers found the supermajority rule confounding in what is supposed to be a democratic system. Writing the NMB to request the rule change, Jamin B. Raskin, a law professor at American University’s Washington College of Law, noted that the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1937 that a supermajority is not required, partly because established democratic practice is:
“Those who do not participate ‘are presumed to assent to the expressed will of the majority of those voting.’”
The NMB ignored the Supreme Court and continued requiring a supermajority – until Monday. Then it joined the National Labor Relations Board, which complied with the Supreme Court decision and allowed majority-rule elections for the vast majority of U.S. workers whose collective bargaining rights it governs.
The minute the NMB proposed the change to majority-rule elections last fall, anti-worker-rights groups started pitching a fit. Union-busting law firm Winston & Strawn wrote, for example, that the NMB should not change a rule that had been in effect for nearly 75 years. It contended that elections for workers should be different from elections for political candidates and referendums:
“The change would enable unions to obtain representation simply by winning a majority of votes cast, as opposed to a majority of all employees eligible to vote on the issue . . . Under the proposed new rule, a minority of workers could effectively select a union representative on behalf of a much larger potential bargaining unit.”
Conservative Republican Sen. Johnny Isakson of Georgia agreed, protesting in a news release that Monday’s decision gave workers the same rights as all others in a democratic system:
“The final rule change, which was issued today, would affect companies under the jurisdiction of the Railway Labor Act by allowing union elections to be decided by only a majority of workers who cast ballots, reducing the number of votes it takes for a union to win.”
The solution to Isakson’s complaint is passage of the Employee Free Choice Act. That legislation would require consent of a majority of eligible workers for the awarding of collective bargaining rights.
Under the Employee Free Choice Act, workers seeking collective bargaining rights would collect signatures among their co-workers. If more than half of all eligible workers signed cards in support, the NLRB or NMB would recognize the workers as having the right to collectively bargain with the employer for the benefit of all of the workers.
This process would guarantee that a majority of all eligible workers supported collective bargaining before it could occur. It is a process that was routinely used to secure collective bargaining rights in the early days of union organizing in this country. It gives anti-worker-rights groups such as Winston & Strawn exactly what they’re demanding – a supermajority.
The process is not an election. But with secret balloting, requiring a supermajority is undemocratic. No one can be compelled to vote in a democratic system. And counting those who don’t vote as supporters of collective bargaining is just as logical as tallying them as unanimously opposed.
The solution provided in the Employee Free Choice Act is elegant and historically valid. It’s great that Isakson and his fellow conservative Republicans in the U.S. Senate now back the supermajority concept that the Employee Free Choice Act achieves through “card check.”



20 Comments




Hey Leo, surely you didn’t expect the Union-Busters to be consistent. Why start now, they have never been before. Even if you agreed with the current NLRA and no EFCA, they would say it was biased in favor of working folks and try to water it down. The hypocrites never cease to amaze me.
Counting non-voters as “opposed” is wrong, no argument there. But “supermajority” is not the right word: if I’m reading this correctly what they wanted was more like a quorum (but not quite). Is that a bad thing? The “requirement for a quorum is protection against totally unrepresentative action in the name of the body by an unduly small number of persons.” I assume you’ve heard about the Michigan private day-care providers? 6,000 voted and 40,000 ended up unionized. How democratic is that?
I’m sure you know that the objections to “card check” are not about the number of votes, but about whether they are secret ballots to prevent intimidation.
Of course this presupposes that the current process for becoming a Union shop is done in total privacy to stop corporate management from unduly influencing the “secret vote”
You know, intimidation from management rather than from the dastardly unions.
Intimidation from either side is contrary to the whole concept. Do you think there is more, less, or about the same degree of intimidation with secret ballots as there is with open?
At this point, any “intimidation” from the pro-union folks is negligible at best.
But never let it be said that management can’t embrace a good straw man that paints the pro-union folks in the worst possible light while ignoring the efforts by management at intimidation.
So yes, currently there are massive amounts of intimidation going on by management. All EFCA does is re-level the playing field and block some of management’s more egregious efforts at sabotaging collective bargaining.
And for the record, EFCA in no way blocks folks from HAVING a ‘secret’ election. It just allows that step to be skipped if 50% of an organization sign cards saying let’s have a union.
By allowing equal intimidation from the other side? Well, that’s level, I guess.
May we see your source for pro-union intimidation being “negligible” and management intimidation being “massive”?
You know about Congressman George Miller, D-CA (the sponsor of H.R.800) and 15 others sending this letter to Mexico in 2001?
“we feel that the secret ballot is absolutely necessary in order to ensure that workers are not intimidated into voting for a union they might not otherwise choose.”
When the inconsistency was later pointed out there were claims that the letter applied only to one specific circumstance (although it didn’t say so): the replacement of an existing union with another. I really don’t see the logic there: why is a secret ballot absolutely necessary to replace a union, but some sort of horrible barrier to forming one?
Well, per your link there, it does seem to imply that the letter was to stop an election that might favor one union at the expense of another (albeit without expressly stating that).
But that letter does not negate my claims. Secret elections ARE still allowed under EFCA. They are just NOT required if 50% of an organization has expressed an interest in unionizing.
And I in no way support ANY intimidation by either side. But you’re seeming to claim that it isn’t happening right now in the US (not Mexico, the United States).
Or do you contend that management has not had the field tilted in their direction for over 20 years? And that management is not doing everything they can to demonize unions, even when there is no evidence of the unions performing badly?
No, the letter explicitly says “all union recognition elections”
Just like the 2001 situation in Mexico. I never said EFCA prohibited secret ballots, my point is they should be required.
Where did I say that?
Given that the first words out of my keyboard were critical of the old NMB voting rules I think the answer would obviously be NO, but how does the old system being bad automatically translate to EFCA being good? Is jumping out of the frying pan and into the fire really an improvement?
EFCA re-levels the playing field and tilts it back modestly toward the labor force.
So, if you recognize that the current system is tilted against the worker but EFCA is not acceptable to you, what is your recommendation to fix the process? Please, realize, that just because something says Union is involved, does not immediately make it a bad thing (though you seem to be of the belief that if it says Union it must be bad as apparently the union is the cause of all troubles we face today.)
And do please be specific about how we can fix things so obviously broken, such that both the Union AND management are held to account for their actions.
Where did I say that?
You know, I’ve done my best to answer your questions and address your points, but it’s been a one-way street. So, if you wouldn’t mind, could I get your response to the real core issue?
Which is more vulnerable to influence by intimidation from either or both sides: open ballots or secret?
Right now, the “secret” ballots being pushed by management are far more vulnerable to intimidation. As we see since management groups do everything in their power to forestall having a vote of any type.
And if you really do believe that the “secret” ballot is secret, I have a bridge I wanna sell you.
So now that I’ve answered your strawman question, please answer mine, how do we re-balance the playing field away from favoring management?
How can I “be specific about how we can fix things” when you define the problem only in generalities? I can’t propose a way to stop something if I don’t know how it’s happening, and you provide zero details or supporting sources for your claim that secret ballots aren’t secret and votes are influenced by management intimidation.
First and most obviously, if the secret ballot isn’t secret then it needs to be made so. If you can explain how it’s not secret then I’ll be glad to see what I can think of.
On the second issue, if you can explain what management intimidation tactics would be negated by card check then I’ll have to reconsider my position.
How exactly are the ballots not secret?
How exactly does card check stop management intimidation?
Gee, a “secret” ballot where management has not been intimidating the voters.
Start with taking off your “irony” hat and try to picture the reality of life. A company that is known to fight everything union hears that there’s a movement to unionize in their plant/location. So they call all the workers together to tell them if the union comes in the jobs are gone automatically. No, there’s no intimidation there at all. Or they fire the workers who are trying to organize. And yes, that is illegal but it also is quite common.
Right now, even if there’s a request for a union vote, management can delay and stall forever. There are NO rules requiring the vote to be held. Having a process that negates management control of the voting is a step against intimidation in and of itself.
But then, my arguments pre-suppose that you are actually interested in learning rather than trying to play gotcha.
What is difficult about you describing the ways you think the playing field can be leveled? I assume some things on how you view things as I’ve followed your “Unions bad. Management good.” comments for some time. But of course, you’re just “trying to learn something and just because you ask the question doesn’t mean you support it all the way.”
The unions want card check to avoid becoming extinct. As matters stand, company intimidation is nearly impossible to overcome. Sometimes people who know better but are anti-union raise the “secret ballot” because it sounds good to folks who really don’t understand the issue. If you are genuinely interested I suggest you Google around some and get the Union side of the argument.
Irrelevant, since Card Check won’t stop that.
Irrelevant, since Card Check won’t stop that.
You haven’t answered either question:
How exactly are the ballots not secret?
How exactly does card check stop management intimidation?
Of course, you also never answered my “strawman” question as to which is less vulnerable to intimidation: open balloting or secret. You bypassed the issue by claiming the votes are NOT secret, but never substantiated the claim.
Ah, a specific. How about a requirement that a vote must be taken within 60 days of a request being made, but limited to once per year to prevent harassment? I’d support that.
You also pre-suppose that I’m an asshole.
Then you’ll have no trouble providing an example, will you? Otherwise we can just add that to the list of your unsupported opinions.
So, what have we got so far? Within 60 days of a request for unionization hold a vote (51% required for a quorum) by truly secret ballot. Enforce existing laws against firing union organizers. What else needs to be added to level the playing field?
What else needs to be added to level the playing field?
Card check.
doo dah doo dah All dee live long day.
How exactly does card check stop management intimidation?
BTW: do you also believe that current “secret” ballots are not secret?
The wiki is better than I expected on card check. Links pro and con. I think it comes down to what you fear most. Union intimidation or company intimidation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_check
Your going to have to do your own leg work. I’m biased. I have been a union musician, a union truck driver, a union machinist and a union meat cutter. But I know you wont accept anything anecdotal.
Card check is not much of a political issue in my opinion just because it doesn’t have a chance. Obama is in favor of it the same way he is in favor of the public option.
Sound like another vote for the least worst scenario. The solution to a lopsided power situation is to take away the unfair advantage enjoyed by one side, not give the same unfair advantage to the other to even it up. In other words, make management play fair as opposed to allowing unions to cheat, too. Have you considered that card check could result in workers being intimidated from both sides? How exactly does that empower them?
The laws against management retaliation against union supporters and organizers are so lame it hardly matters when they’re not enforced. That’s a problem that needs to be addressed, not compensated for by creating an equal and opposite problem. Frying pan, fire.
I did my own legwork long ago: do I really sound like someone who examines only one side of the coin? The reason I have questions is not because I haven’t looked for answers but because the “answers” I’ve found don’t actually seem to be solutions.
“The laws against management retaliation against union supporters and organizers are so lame it hardly matters when they’re not enforced. That’s a problem that needs to be addressed…….”
OK. I go along with that. But it ain’t gonna happen just like card check. There is a class war happening iron and the government is on the other side.