Paper Ballots:

A federal judge has sided with Pennsylvania voter groups and ordered election officials to provide paper ballots if half the machines break down Tuesday. The state had provided paper ballots only if all machines at a polling place broke down.

"We find that there is a real danger that a significant number of machines will malfunction throughout the Commonwealth, and this occurrence is likely to cause unacceptably long lines on Nov. 4," Judge Harvey Bartle III wrote in a 25-page ruling.

Election officials fear the change could cause chaos, because poll workers have already been trained. They had expressed confidence in the machines and said voting was too close to change procedures.